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SSD (Solid State Drive)
Solid-state drives use flash memory to deliver better performance and stability. Because there are so many small, moving parts inside your hard drive - magnetic heads, spindles, and spinning straps - it's easy to get things wrong and you might lose your important data. Without moving parts, SSDs are more durable, run cooler and use less energy.How SSDs Work Can be considered a large USB drive; They use the same base technology. NAND, technology in solid-state drives, is a type of flash memory. At the lowest level, floating gate transistors record the charge (or lack of charge) to store data. The gates are organized in a grid pattern, which is further organized into a block. The size of the block can vary, but each line that makes up the grid is called a page.
An SSD controller performs many functions, including keeping track of where the data is located.
Read and write
Updating data is more complex for SSDs. All data in a block must be refreshed when any part is updated. The old block's data is copied to a separate block, the block is erased, and the data is rewritten with changes to the new block.Every time you ask your computer to retrieve or update data, the SSD controller looks at the address of the requested data and reads the charge status.
When the drive becomes idle, it undergoes a process called garbage collection and ensures that the information in the old block is erased and the block is free to be rewritten.
There is another process, called TRIM, that notifies the SSD that it may skip rewriting some data when the block is erased. Because any block has a finite number of rewrites, it is an important process that prevents premature wear on the storage drive.
To prevent wear on the drive, there is an algorithm to ensure that each block in the drive gets the same amount of reading/write process. This process is called wear leveling and occurs automatically because the drive is working.
Because the read/write process requires a data movement, SSDs typically overprovision from storage; There is always a fixed amount of drives that are not reported to the operating system, and are not accessible to the user. This allows the drive to be moved and removed without affecting the overall storage capacity.

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