Contact with alien

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If there is life outside the earth, how can it be discovered? How to get in touch with him? One way is to travel to different planets by spacecraft. But currently, our spacecraft is not capable enough to go out of its solar system and search for life.

The second way is through media such as radio waves. If any intelligent civilization resides outside the earth and is more developed than human civilization or similar to human civilization in science, then it must have used radio waves for communication medium. With this belief, the search for civilization has started outside the earth.

SETI

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is the name of a group in search of intelligent life outside the solar system. The SETI project is engaged in the discovery of electromagnetic communication from scientific planets with the help of scientific methods. The United States government initially funded the project, but now it relies on funds from private sources.

In 1959, physicists Giuseppe Kokoni and Philipp Marion had suggested in a paper to listen to the electromagnetic radiation of extraterrestrial civilization at 1 and 10 GHz. Signals below 1 GHz will be affected by radiation emitted by electrons moving rapidly and signals above 10 GHz will be affected by the noise generated by the oxygen and water molecules present in our atmosphere. They used the frequency of 1420 GHz to listen to the signals of outer space because it is the emission frequency of ordinary hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas is in abundance in the whole universe. The frequencies in this category were named 'Watering Hole' because it was suitable for extraterrestrial communication.

Attempting to listen for intelligent signs around the 'water weaver' was disappointing. In 1960, Frank Drake started Project Ozma with a 25-meter radio telescope at Green Bank West Virginia to search for signs. Project Ozma and any other project; Those who scour the night sky for signs have not achieved any success to date.

Arecibo Message

In 1971, NASA made an ambitious proposal to fund the SETI discovery. It was named Project Cyclops, in which fifteen hundred radio telescopes were installed at a cost of 10 billion dollars. No wonder this search also yielded no results. Despite this, another small project sending a message to alien beings in space got approval.

This message was written by Frank Drake with Carl Sagan and some other scientists. This message had the following seven parts.

1. Digits from one (1) to ten (10)

2. The atomic numbers of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, the elements that make DNA

3. Chemical formulas of sugars and bases of DNA nucleotide

4. Drawing of the number of DNA and the structure of DNA

5. Picture of human body shape and human population

6. Photographing the Solar System

7. Portrait and size of the Arecibo Radio Telescope

In 1974, this 1679 byte message was launched from the giant Arecibo radio telescope in Port Rico towards the globular cluster M13, which is 25,100 light-years away. This message was in a 23 x 73 table. The space is so vast that it will take at least 52,200 years for the message to be answered.

Wow message

On August 15, 1977, Dr. Jerry Ehman, working at SETI, received a mysterious message on the Big Year Radio Telescope of Ohio University. This message communicated the new life in the hope of contacting the alien life.

This message was received for 72 seconds but after that, it was not received again. This mysterious message had a series of English letters and digits which were irregular and resembled a message sent by an intelligent civilization.

Dr. Ehman was surprised to see the resemblance of this message to the perceived qualities of the message of the alien civilization and wrote "Wow!" On the computer's print out which became the name of this message.

The sign came from the star Tau Sagittari of the star group Chai Sagittari near the Dhanu planetarium. After this, despite repeated attempts to search for the source of this message, it was not received again. It is certain that this message did not originate from the Earth and came from space itself. But some scientists who saw the message 'Wow' did not agree with this conclusion.

The US Congress was not impressed by the importance of these projects, not even with this mysterious message 'Wow' received in 1977.

Update: Recently a team of researchers collaborated with the CPS (Center of Planetary Science) to wow! The mysteries of Hint have been solved. Antonio Paris, the head of the researchers, described his theories in a paper published in the Journal of the Washington Academy of Science. His report suggests that the signal came from a comet. wow! The signal frequency was recorded to be 1420 MHz which is the same as the emission frequency of ordinary hydrogen gas.

A direct explanation of this came to light last year when a team of CPS researchers suggested that hydrogen clouds on comets also transmit similar signals. Wow! We could not get the signal again because comets are moving at high speed. The day the Big Year received this signal, exactly that day two comets were present in the same part of the sky. This comet 266P / Christensen and 335P / Gibbs were not discovered then. The researchers got a chance to test their idea when both comets appeared in the sky from November 2016 to February 2017. This team did the test and in our paper said that we got the radio signal from 266P / Christensen. Matched the signal.

We have combined the radio signals of the other three comets to match the signal received 40 years ago. They have received almost similar radio signal results from all comets. Researchers said they certainly cannot say that Wow! The signal was originated by Comet 266P / Christensen but they can say with relative confidence that this signal was generated by the comet itself, which is a natural phenomenon.

SETI Institute

In 1995, scientists, troubled by the lack of government money, began to pay attention to private sources of money. He founded the SETI Institute, centered in Mountain View, California. SETI started Project Phoenix to study one thousand sun-like stars near us at 1200 to 3000 MHz frequency. Dr. Jill Tarter was made the director of this project. The equipment in this project is capable of capturing radiation emitted from an airport radar system 200 light-years away.

Since 1995, The Seti Institute has studied more than a thousand stars from the budget of 50 million dollars per year, but no results have been received. According to SETI Shostak, SETI's senior astronomer, not giving up, a group of 350 telescoping Allen telescopes, built 250 miles northeast of San Francisco, are expected to catch alien signals by 2025.

SETI @ Home
As a novel measure, an astronomer at the University of California, Barclay, started the SETI @ home project in 1999. They want to use lakhs of home computers which are empty most of their time. Whoever wants to participate in this project has to download and install software on their computer. This software starts understanding the signals received from any SETI radio telescope when your computer is empty and the screen saver is activated. The computer user has no problem with this software. So far, more than 5 million users from more than 200 countries across the world are running this software. It is the largest mass computer project in human history and it can become a model for projects that require high computing power for computation. So far this project has also got frustrated, this project has also not caught any alien sign yet.

Even after decades of hard work, the failure has raised difficult questions in front of the proposals of SETI.

Possible reasons for SETI's failure so far

1. An apparent error is the use of radio signals at a particular frequency. According to some scientists, extraterrestrial civilizations may use laser signals instead of radio signals because the laser signal is much better than the radio signals. The low wavelength of laser signals enables them to send more signals in less space, but the laser can be sent only in a particular direction, so it is extremely difficult to get it at a particular frequency.

2. The second error is the dependence of a set of researchers on a particular radio spectrum. Extraterrestrial civilization can also send a signal using a technical or by dividing the signs into small packages. These are the methods used on the Internet today. If the sent signals are sent on multiple frequencies then it is difficult to understand them because we do not know that they are compressed; We will hear it only as noise.

3. Human history is a few hundred thousand years old. In this period, human civilization is using radio signals for the last 100 years. It is also possible that in the future we will get better technical than this. If this happens, the time period for the use of radio signals on Earth will be less than a moment in astronomical terms. If the alien life is backward than us, then it will not have the technology of radio signals, if it is developed then it can have better technology. Maybe we are slapping hands in the dark?

4. The vastness of space. Space is bigger than our imagination. Our nearest star of the solar system is Proxima Sentari 4 light-years away. This will take 4 years for the radio signal to reach the Earth. Our Milky Way galaxy is 100,000 light-years wide which is a simple size galaxy. Our neighboring galaxy Andromeda is 250 million light-years away. Our galaxy and Andromeda are in the same galaxy cluster. This galaxy cluster is 100 million light-years wide which is a quadratic supercluster (a group of galaxies) which is 1100 million light-years wide. There are such Arbo Supercluster in the universe, which has a distance of millions of light-years. That is, even if we have received a message, it may be millions of years old, if we respond to it then it will reach millions of years later.

Despite all these problems in front of SETI, there is hope that in this century we will be able to catch the signs of some alien civilization. Whenever this happens, there will be a milestone in human history.

Voyager golden record

The voyager golden record is a phonograph record placed on both voyager (I and II) spacecraft. On these records, there are voices and images of different creatures of the earth. This record is for extraterrestrial beings who can see these vehicles in the future. Both of these voyager vehicles are much smaller than in wide space, the chances of any intelligent civilization getting these vehicles are minimal because both these vehicles will stop emitting any electromagnetic signal after a few years. If an alien civilization would discover them, at least 40000 years would have passed when the Vyjar 1 vehicle passed near a star.

C. on Veezer Golden Record Ra. US President's message is

"It is the gift of a small, remote world that includes our sounds, our science, our images, our associations, our thoughts, and our emotions. We are trying to live in your time by staying safe from our time."

In this voyager golden record, the first sound message has greetings message for foreigners in 55 languages ​​including Hindi. The second phonetic message consists of various sounds of the earth, the main ones being: volcanoes, earthquakes, electric sounds; Vayu, the sound of rain; Birds, elephant sounds; Whale song, baby kisses my mother; Heartbeat.

The next message consists of music from different cultures, the main ones being: Ms. Kesarbai Kerkar's raga singing "Jaat Kahan Ho" in Bhairavi; Music by Mozart. The next part of this wizard golden record is the recording of Carl Sagan's wife Ann Druyan's brain waves. Its next part consists of 118 pictures, the main ones are a map of the solar system, a picture of the Earth, a picture of the Sun, mathematical and physical definitions, a picture of the human body.