Kepler 452b: Earth's twin sister

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NASA's space observatory has found major success in its mission. He has discovered a new planet Kepler 452B, which is the most closely related planet in the non-solar planet found so far. This planet named Kepler 452b is also called as 'Earth-2'. It is the same planet like the Earth in our galaxy. Now we have information about another planet in addition to Kepler 186f which is similar to Earth.

The Kepler 186f planet was discovered in 2014 and is smaller than the newly discovered planet 452B but orbits a red Vamana star, which is noticeably colder than our Sun.

Kepler 452B revolves around the Kepler-452 star and is 1400 light-years away from Earth. Its temperature is almost equal to the temperature of the Sun. The mass of this star is 4% more than the Sun, it is 20 percent brighter than the Sun. It is 150 million years old from the Sun.

The period of one year of Kepler 452 B i.e. time and it's surface characteristics are also almost like our Earth. It's one year is 385 days i.e. only 20 days more than our Earth, which means that its orbit period is 5% more than the Earth.

The mass of the planet Kepler 452b is not yet known, but astronomers are assuming that it has a mass five times larger than the Earth. If this planet is a rocky planet like Earth or Mars then it is possible that there will be active volcanoes on this planet. It is believed that gravity will be twice that of Earth. Scientists say that humans can survive under so much gravity. The Kepler 452B, at a reasonable distance from its star for billions of years, is in the Goldilocks region, that is, an area worthy of life. On Kepler 452B the most important element for life is the most likely to be water. Scientists say that there may also be volcanoes under its surface.

The field of Goldilak is called the distance from the star where a planet can store liquid water on its surface and feed life like Earth. This habitable area is the intersection area of ​​two areas which should be helpful for life; One of these regions is of the planetary system and the other is of the galaxy. The planets and their moons of this region are suitable for the possibility of life and can be helpful for life like the Earth. Generally, this principle does not apply to moons because life on moons also depends on the distance from its mother planet and we do not have much theoretical information about it.

The habitable zone (Goldilak area) is different from planetary living capacity. The conditions that support the life of a planet are called planetary life potential. Planetary life potential includes the quality of supporting the planet's carbon-based life; Whereas in the habitable zone (Goldilak area) the property of supporting the carbon-based life of that area of ​​space. It is both different. For example, the three planets in our solar system's Goldilac region include Venus, Earth, and Mars, but apart from Earth, both planets (Venus and Mars) do not have supportive conditions of life i.e. planetary life potential.

This newly discovered planet is one of 500 planets orbiting new distant stars discovered by Kepler. Out of these, the diameter of 12 planets is less than twice the diameter of the Earth and they are orbiting their maternal stars in the life-span zone (Goldilak region). Kepler 452B is the first certified planet out of these 500 candidate planets. According to scientists, 12 planets of less than twice the diameter of Earth are found in the life-worthy area of ​​a star, according to the figures so far.

The Kepler-452 star is similar to our Sun but is 1.5 billion years old. With this, scientists are assuming that on this planet, we can see the future of our Earth. According to him, if Kepler is a 452B rocky planet, then according to the distance of its maternal star, it can be assumed that a period of uncontrolled greenhouse effect would have started in the history of the planet's atmosphere. With the aging heat rising from his maternal star, his surface must have started heating up and if there is an ocean on it, his water will dissolve and dissolve in space. Whatever is happening today on Kepler 452B will start on Earth one billion years from today, when our Sun will move towards old age and become more bright.

According to scientists, the data of the Kepler vehicle helps in estimating the size of a planet relative to the star. If you know the size of the star then you can know the size of the planet. To know whether the planet is rocky or not, it is necessary to know the mass of the planet, density can be calculated if the size and mass are known. Depending on the density, it can be said that the planet is gaseous or rocky. But due to the excessive distance of these stars, the calculation of the mass of the planets is difficult. This means that we cannot tell what substance this planet is made of. It can be a rocky planet or a ball of gas or some unknown structure which can be a puzzle for us.

Planets in the life-span of other Kepler stars can also be like the Earth. For example, the diameter of the Kepler 186f is 1.17 times the diameter of the Earth, and the diameter of the Kepler 438b is 1.12 times the diameter of the Earth.

The diameter of this new planet is 1.6 times the diameter of the Earth will put it in the category of Maha-Earth. There is no planet of this size in our solar system, so this type of planet is like a puzzle to us. But we can say that in view of other facts, it should be similar to the earth.

If we look at the square of our mother star Kepler 452b, it belongs to our Sun-like G square. The other Kepler stars are the Vamana stars of the M square, which is cooler than our Sun, and the life-spanning region in these stars is near the stars.

In this way, the Kepler 452b planet is the most likely planet to have ever discovered life.

Kepler vehicle

The Kepler spacecraft is a space observatory of the American Space Research Institute, NASA, whose job is to find non-planetary planets that resemble the Earth and life on them, other than the Sun but around other similar stars. Be likely to Capler was sent to space on 7 March 2009, where it is now orbiting the Earth and keeping its eye on other stars.

Kepler is the largest telescopic camera ever to go into space. It will remain in space keeping an eye on one million stars like our Sun. It was launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. It is made by Ball Aerospace Technologies of Colorado. About 30 billion rupees have been spent on this mission. Kepler is searching for these planets by registering a decrease in the brightness of the stars while the planets pass through the stars.

Planetary discovery mode

The orbits of some planets fall in the same plane between the Earth and their maternal stars; Therefore, when these planets pass in front of their mother stars, the light of their maternal stars dim slightly. The Kepler Observatory recognizes the deficiency in this light. The orbital period of the planets can be calculated by the lack of light coming more than once in an interval; The size of the planet can be known by the lack of light. The larger the planet, the dimmer the light of its maternal star. In this way, the transition method tells the position of the planets (in terms of the maternal star), the orbital period and its size.

Earlier, from 1995 to 2009, about 300 planets circling around the stars had been discovered. But most of these are large-sized gaseous planets on which life is unlikely. The mission of Kepler's mission is to find a rocky planet that is at a safe distance from its star. Means neither be so far away as to freeze with snow nor be so close to burn through heat. William Borucki of NASA's Amis Research Center says, "We are looking for planets that have temperatures so high that the water on their surface meets the liquid state." We think this will be the most important symptom of the possibility of life.

The Kepler Space Observatory is successful in its mission and by January 2015 it has discovered more than 1000 planets. According to the data obtained from Kepler, there should be 40 billion planets like Earth in our galaxy.