what is dark energy

what is dark energy
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This theme is similar to the story of a science fiction film. Dark energy, a mysterious force that is not understood, but due to the effect of this force, the bodies of the universe are becoming distant and distant from each other.

It is the imaginary force whose pressure is negative and is spread throughout the universe. According to the theory of relativity law, the effect of this negative pressure is similar to the opposite effect of gravity.

Black energy came to light in 1998 when 2 groups of space scientists conducted a survey on stars (supernovas) undergoing explosions in different galaxies. They found that this supernova's light brightness is less than the expected light's brightness, which means that they are far closer than they should have been. This could only mean that the speed of expansion of the universe has increased compared to some time ago! (See also red deviation)

Earlier, it was believed that the speed of expansion of the universe is gradually decreasing due to the force of gravity. But supernova analysis showed that a mysterious force acting opposite to the force of gravity is accelerating the expansion of the universe. It was a surprising, awe-inspiring discovery.

At first, the scientists doubted the reliability of the results of this experiment. They felt that the supernova's light brightness could be reduced by a gas or dust cloud, or it may be that scientists' assumptions about the supernova's brightness were incorrect. But after careful examination of the available data, it was found out that there exists a mysterious force that we today call Dark Energy.

Well, this idea is not new. Einstein has included a cosmological constant in his Theory of Relativity, a force reflecting a gravitational effect. But Einstein himself and later other scientists also believed that this cosmological constant is only for a mathematical simplicity that has very little relation to reality. Until 1990, no one thought that this cosmic constant could be a truth.

Virginia Trimble of South California University says -

"It is not right to call black energy per gravity. This force does not act, unlike gravity. It behaves just as it should according to the theory of relativity. According to the theory of relativity, the pressure of this force is negative."

According to him

"Suppose the universe is a big balloon." When this balloon expands, the density of this black energy decreases by expansion and the balloon spreads slightly more. This is because negative energy (2) is generated by dark energy. While inside the balloon it is trying to pull the balloon, the lower the density, the less it will pull the balloon inward which will expand more. The same process is happening in the expansion of the universe. "

The example of a supernova states that the acceleration of the expansion of the universe began 5 billion years ago. At that time, sky-rockets had gone to such a distance that the effect of black energy was increased due to the effect of gravitational force. (Keep in mind that gravitational force pulls various objects towards it, black energy only takes them away from each other.) After a time, the speed of expansion of the universe is increasing due to the effect of black energy. Now it seems that this speed will increase indefinitely. This means that after trillions of years, every celestial body will grow faster and faster and we will be left alone.

This new theory of black energy has disappointed the scientists a bit, they have to accept the concept of an unexpected and brand new universe. They have already accepted the concept of a dark matter. According to today's calculations, this dark matter is more than the actual substance. It is a substance that has not been felt in any laboratory to date but evidence of its occurrence has been found. Now the arrival of black energy is like sprinkling salt on the wound.

According to astronomers, the universe is made up of three things ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy. We only know about ordinary matters. 90-95% of the universe is made up of two substances that no one knows about, how do you feel upon hearing this?

It took two generations to understand quantum physics. This time was about the science that we could prove by experimenting in the laboratory. How difficult is it to understand a substance and energy that cannot be seen, cannot be created in the laboratory?

But black energy has solved a mystery that was generated by cosmic radiation. The data obtained from recent experiments on the deviation of the intensity of cosmic radiation represent the theory of the infinite expansion of the universe. But for scientists, the force behind this expansion was a puzzle, black energy is probably the solution.

The existence of black energy, in whatever form, is necessary for the balance of the geometry of the universe and the total amount of matter in the universe. The calculation of cosmic microwave background (CMB), indicates that the universe is almost flat. For this size of the universe, the ratio of mass to energy must be equal to a certain critical density. The total amount of matter in the universe (including Bayern and black matter) is only 30% of the density of cosmic radiation. This means that black energy should be 7-% of the total mass of the universe.

Recent studies have shown that 74% of the universe is made up of dark energy, 22% by dark matter and only 4% by ordinary matter. And we know about this 4% ordinary substance.

The nature of black energy is a matter of thinking. It is a homogeneous, low-density force that does not react to any fundamental forces other than gravity (3). Its density is very low, around 10–29 g / cm3. It is almost impossible to test in the laboratory.

The most accepted principle for understanding black energy is the cosmic constant principle:

This is the theory propounded by Einstein. It is absolutely simple, according to which the volume of space has inherent fundamental energy. It is a cosmic constant called lambda. This mass and energy are related by Einstein's equation e = mc2, which proves that the effect of gravity on cosmic constants must be. It is also sometimes called Vacuum Energy because it is the density of vacuum energy. Scientists calculate that the value of the cosmic constant is 10–29 g / cm3.

The cosmic constant is a negative pressure force equal to its energy density, which is why it accelerates the expansion of the universe.

The effect of black energy on the future of the universe
The example of a supernova, as we have seen earlier, suggests that the acceleration of the expansion of the universe started 5 billion years ago. Earlier, it was thought that the speed of expansion of the universe is decreasing as a result of the gravity of the bionic and black matter. The density of dark matter in the expanding universe decreases more rapidly than black energy. Due to which the energy of black energy is heavy. When the size of the universe doubles, the density of dark matter becomes half while the density of dark energy remains the same. According to the theory of relativity, it is a cosmological constant.

If the pace of expansion continues in this way, then the skies will go beyond the cosmic horizon and cease to be visible. This will be so that their speed will exceed the speed of light. This is not a violation of the law of relativity. Earth, its galaxy Milky Way, will not be affected, but the rest of the universe will go away.

There are some fantasies about the end of the universe, one of which is that the effect of dark energy will increase, and at one time it will be more than the central forces and other fundamental forces. In this situation, black energy will disintegrate the solar system, the galaxy, anybody from atoms to molecules. This situation will be of the Big Rip.

The second fantasy is of the Big Crunch, in which the effect of black energy will dissipate after a limit and gravity will dominate it. This will give rise to a contraction process. Finally, with a great contraction, the entire universe will be transformed into a point. This point will give rise to a new universe by a great explosion.

Other

1. Supernova: At the end of some stars' lifetime, when all the fuel (hydrogen) near them is burnt, an explosion occurs in them. This explosion transforms them into a very bright star called a supernova or nova.

2. Negative pressure: that pressure is less than the pressure of the surrounding fluid (such as air).

3. Fundamental force: gravity, electromagnetic force, weak central force, strong central force.