How satellite works

The satellite is a geostationary communication satellite, having number of transponder channels, orbiting at approximately 36000 km above the equator. The satellite receives the signal transmitted by the broadcaster which is in range of 14000 to 14500 MHz, convert this signal to the frequency range of 10700 to 12750 MHz amplifiers the retransmits towards the earth the transmitting power of the satellite will be such that one can be used a 60cm dish antenna on the ground to receive the signals. These frequencies are called Ku-band frequencies, which make a transmitting power from satellite possible. A small dish antenna can be used on the ground. The power from each transponder of the satellite is termed as effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP). The higher the EIRP the more powerful is the satellite. Indian satellites like INSAT-4CR and GSAT 10 have approximately 50 dBwatt of EIRP for transponder in Ku-band frequencies.