what are the remaining electricity?

medicalnewstoday.com

If the output of electricity is 100 watts and the usage is only 70 watts because electricity cannot be stored and kept, then what is the remaining 30 watts of electricity?

The answer may be long, but it is necessary according to the need.

First of all, as far as the remaining electricity is concerned, you must be aware that even today there is some place in our country where there is no electricity and the government is vigorously pursuing this deficiency.

Electricity is not distributed by the power generating companies themselves, but this work is done through the electrical power grid. Electrical power takes power from grid producing companies and distributes it all over the country. Since I am working in a power generating company, I try to explain to you the working method of the electrical power grid.

Electrical Power Grid - Structure and Functions

An electric power grid is an interconnected network that distributes electricity generated to consumers. It is also sometimes referred to as an electric power system. A power grid consists of a generating station (power plant), transmission system, and distribution system.

Power generating stations are built according to fuel availability, dam sites or an efficient location for renewable sources. Therefore, they are often located far away from populated areas. A power grid can be divided into three phases: power generation, transmission, and distribution. Each of these steps is explained in detail below.

The specific layout of the electric power grid

Power Generation:

Electricity is generated in power plants that are often located far from populated areas. There are various types of power generating stations like thermal, nuclear, hydro, solar, wind, etc. A power plant may have two or more phase options that operate in parallel. Power is generated in power plants at voltages from 11kV to 33 kV. Generation voltage cannot be very high due to technical limitations.

Transmission:

The LT supply in India is 400 volts for a three-phase connection and 230 volts for a single-phase connection. High tension or HT is supplied at 11 kV or above. Like homes, shops, small offices and small manufacturing units, most small consumers receive electricity/energy over their electric LT connections. HT is applicable to bulk buyers of electricity such as industries (large manufacturing units), large offices, universities, hostels, and even residential colonies. The voltage generated for the transmission of power over a long period of time is taken to a very high level. A step-up transformer is used for this purpose, which increases the voltage level.

It is necessary to increase the voltage to increase transmission efficiency by reducing losses in transmission lines. Transmission voltage is usually up to 230kV or 765kV. Transmission lines are often seen moving on high towers on the outskirts of the city. 3-phase AC power is commonly used at very high voltages but due to advances in power electronics, HVDC (high voltage DC) has proven many advantages for long-distance transmission. Therefore, HVDC transmission systems are used for very long-distance power transmission. The AC power at a converter station for transmission is converted to HVDC, and then it is converted back to AC at the other end.

Delivery:

Power from the transmission system is taken down to a significantly lower voltage (say 33 to 66kV) using a step-down transformer in the primary phase-down substation. Electricity is then distributed to substations or directly to very large industrial consumers. At distribution substations, power is taken further down (say at 11kV). The energy distribution is done using overhead or underground. Distribution transformers are used to reduce voltages beyond voltage (120 volts or 230 volts) and supply to many consumers using secondary power lines.

The general overview of an electric power grid is practically very complex.