Quantum Teleportation: A Step Toward Supercomputers Of High Speed

image credit - chinaplus.cri.cn

Understanding nature completely till now has been beyond the capacity of the human mind. Man has discovered many secrets of nature in his history, got answers to many questions, but many new unsolved mysteries have been revealed. Man today has crossed the boundaries of his motherland Earth and reached the moon, his built spacecraft has crossed the boundaries of the solar system and has gone into distant space. We can see any celestial body today, know its speed and tell where it will be next moment, next month, next year or next millennium. There is no scope for any omission in this calculation. Our almanacs have also been telling for centuries the rise of every nakshatra and the exact time of every eclipse.

But human knowledge remains cheated when it peeks inside an atom on a small scale. We cannot tell where the electrons orbiting the atomic nucleus can be. Nature is simple on a large scale but extremely complex on a small scale. Why so ? At one time it was believed that an electron orbits an atomic nucleus in a well-defined orbit. Based on this belief, this famous picture (left) of the atom's structure was made.

But can you think that this famous picture on the left is wrong?

According to the 'Uncertainty Principle', the position and momentum of a moving particle cannot be precisely measured simultaneously. If one amount is measured with more precision, the same impurity will increase in the measurement of the other, no matter how efficient it is in measuring it. The more accurate the motion is known, the more unknown the situation will be or the contrary, the more accurate the information is, the more unknown its speed will be. Currently, we measure the position and speed of an atomic particle in probability. We say that there is an' probability of an atomic particle being at 'B' energy.

The correct picture of the structure of an atom is shown on the right. Here the position of electrons is shown as a cloud that depicts all the possible states of electrons. An electron can be anywhere in this cloud at any moment.

At the small level, there is a zoo of atomic particles, it has six types of quarks, six types of leptons, four types of bosons and almost the same antimatter. All have different behavior and energy levels. These atomic particles have dual behavior; They behave like both particles and waves. It is inconceivable why nature is so complex on a small scale?

The link of bizarre behavior at the atomic level of nature is Quantum Entanglement. Entanglement literally means entanglement. This is a strange practice. Under this, when two atomic particles (electrons, protons, quarks, atoms or molecules) are physically separated from each other after colliding, they fall into an entangled (interlocked) state. These two particles have the same quantum mechanical states, that is, they have the same spin, momentum, polar state. After entering the entangled state, if the change in the state of one particle takes place on the other particle itself, no matter the distance between the two particles. In simple words, the change you make on one particle of the entangled particle-pair is also reflected on the other particle.

At the atomic level, it is possible to use this amazing property of two particles being 'entangled' for 'teleportation'. Note that when physicists use the term teleportation, they mean 'information', that is, the transfer of the state of an atom and not materially. The objective behind this experiment is to make quantum computers at a very high speed. The teleportation of any substance, object or creature is not currently in their priority.

In this process of quantum teleportation, the first two charged atoms (ions) 'B' and 'A' are entangled. After this, the quantum state to be teleported is formed on the charged atom (ion) 'A'.

After this one of the entangled atomic pairs 'atom' B is entangled with 'A'. Now the internal state of 'A' and 'B' is measured and the results are shifted to 'A'. In this process, the quantum state of 'A' is shifted to 'A'. All this process takes place with the press of a button in milliseconds.

This experiment is being considered as a milestone, by which supercomputers can be made at extremely high speed, in which information will flow through invisible wire. These new supercomputers will be able to perform complex calculations many times faster than the current supercomputers.